According to Martin and Woldring (2001) there is a high level of disagreement and a lack
of ready consensus among HR managers on translating ethical principles into
organizational diversity practices. As Snape and Redman (2003) stated, even among
many global organizations that promote various forms of diversity, implementation is
more an issue of talk than of actual practice. While companies remain conscious about
equal opportunity, notably through legislative prerequisites, only a few have affirmative
action programmes that go beyond the minimal fulfilment of legal requirements (De Cieri
and Kramar 2003). Furthermore, many multinational enterprises have not established
adequate diversity programmes in their overseas operations (Eagan and Bendick 2001).
Empirical evidence also suggests that managers, employees and different sub-groups
within an organization often have different perceptions of diversity management. For
example, more employees than managers in Allen et al.’s (2004) study did not believe that
their companies were good at implementing various diversity practices.