It is a complex neurological disorder that affects the functioning of the
brain.
Autism symptoms can be present in a variety of combinations and may
accompany other disabilities. Some people with autism have normal
levels of intelligence, while most people with autism have some level of
intellectual disability, ranging from mild to severe. This range is often
referred to as high-functioning autism to low-functioning autism.
There may be a range of difficulties in expressive and receptive
language and communication. It is estimated that up to 50% of people
with autism do not develop functional speech. For those who do, speech
may have unusual qualities and have limited communicative functions.
All people with autism have difficulties with social interaction and
behaviour, but the extent and type of difficulty may vary. Some individuals
may be very withdrawn, while others may be overly active and
approach people in peculiar ways. They have problems with inattention
and resistance to change. They often respond to sensory stimuli in an
atypical manner and may exhibit odd behaviours such as hand flapping,
spinning, or rocking. They may also demonstrate unusual uses of objects
and attachments to objects.
Although people with autism share some common features, no two
individuals are the same. In addition, the pattern and extent of
difficulties may change with development. The common characteristics
help us to understand general needs associated with autism, but it is
important to combine this information with knowledge of the specific
interests, abilities, and personality of each student.