Unfortunately, both of these models have been subject to a range of concerns
regarding their validity. For example, Van Scotter and Motowidlo (1996) presented
two scales, Job Dedication and Interpersonal Facilitation, which roughly correspond
to Organ’s dimensions of conscientiousness and altruism respectively (Podsakoff et al.,
2000). However several researchers, including the original authors, have concluded
that Van Scotter and Motowidlo’s Job Dedication scale overlaps with Task
Performance and that it added no variance to the prediction of overall performance
and individual difference variables such as personality (Barksdale & Werner, 2001).
Conway (1999) argued for the empirical distinctiveness of Job Dedication based on
ratings of managerial performance but his ratings were an aggregate of various ratings
rather than a previously validated scale. Several of these ratings are clearly linked to
citizenship, but several, such as self-awareness, ethics and willingness to confront
problem subordinates, are difficult to integrate with the conceptualizations described
above. So, it is difficult to interpret the implications of Conway’s results with respect
to the distinctiveness of Job Dedication. Therefore, there remains no clear evidence
supporting the validity of the Job Dedication scale as a separate measure of
Citizenship Performance.