To test if B. subtilis HK-CSM-1 had antagonistic effects on the
growth of C. panacicola, we first carried out a dual-culture test on a
PDA medium. An inhibition zone was evident, produced by the
inhibition of mycelial growth via the antifungal activity of B. subtilis
HK-CSM-1 (Fig. 1A). However, normal growth of the fungus was
observed in the control (Fig. 1B). Several previous studies have
documented the antagonistic effects of beneficial microorganisms
towards fungal pathogens as a result of the inhibition of conidial
germination and inducement of germ tube swelling [4]. In our