With globally increasing world population, urbanization and
industrialization, environmental problems such as water shortages
and pollution have become a serious concern, and thus the
pervasive issue of inadequate access to clean drinking water is
expected to worsen in coming decades (Shannon et al., 2008).
Due to less construction and management in wastewater
treatment infrastructures, discharging directly large volumes of
untreated wastewater into surface water bodies is a common
practice in many cities and small towns especially in developing