Experiment design and location
This experiment was conducted in 2009 and 2010 in Saskatoon, SK (5206031.3600 N,10642025.1100 W). Treatmentswere arranged in a randomized complete block design replicated four times. Exclosure treatments were applied to individual female plants. Treatments were exclosure, non-exclosure, night-exclosure, and dayexclosure (Fig. 1). The experimental site was a grassy area composed partly of a naturally occurring population of both male and female S. latifolia plants. Male plants served as the pollen source during treatment application. Female plants for the experimental treatments were transplanted approximately 2 m from the pollen source.