HR-TEM micrograph shows disruption and disorga-
nization of cell membrane and cell wall. The cell
membrane was extensively damaged and, most
probably, the intracellular content has leaked out. Al2O3 NPs not only adhered at the surface of cell
membrane, but also penetrated inside the bacterial
cells, cause formation of irregular-shaped pits and
perforation on their surfaces and may also interact
with the cellular macromolecules causing adverse
effect including cell death. The data presented here
are novel in that Al
2
O
3
NPs are effective bacteri-
cidal agents regardless of the drug resistance
mechanisms that confer importance to these bacteria
as an emergent pathogen. Therefore, in depth studies
regarding the interaction of Al2O3 NPs with cells,tissues, and organs as well as the optimum dose
required to produce therapeutic effects need to be
ascertained before we can expect a more meaningful
role of the Al2O3 NPs in medical application.
HR-TEM micrograph shows disruption and disorga-nization of cell membrane and cell wall. The cellmembrane was extensively damaged and, mostprobably, the intracellular content has leaked out. Al2O3 NPs not only adhered at the surface of cellmembrane, but also penetrated inside the bacterialcells, cause formation of irregular-shaped pits andperforation on their surfaces and may also interactwith the cellular macromolecules causing adverseeffect including cell death. The data presented hereare novel in that Al2O3NPs are effective bacteri-cidal agents regardless of the drug resistancemechanisms that confer importance to these bacteriaas an emergent pathogen. Therefore, in depth studiesregarding the interaction of Al2O3 NPs with cells,tissues, and organs as well as the optimum doserequired to produce therapeutic effects need to beascertained before we can expect a more meaningfulrole of the Al2O3 NPs in medical application.
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