Several techniques have been developed and used to measure soil erosion and deposition throughout the world (Sac et al., 2008).
Use of nuclear techniques in erosionmonitoring and especially for the quantification
of soil loss, offers a fast and economical tool to estimate erosion rates.
Cesium-137 is an artificial radionuclide with a half-life of 30.2 years, which has been released into the environment as a result of nuclear weapon tests primarily during the 1950–1970 (Ritchie and Ritchie, 2007).
Cesium-137 fallout reaches the earth's surface mostly as a result of precipitation, and is strongly and rapidly adsorbed by fine soil colloidal particles such as clay minerals and organic matter in the topsoil.
Chemical or biological removal of 137Cs from soil particles is limited; and it is assumed that only physical processes moving soil particles such as soil erosion and tillage practices are involved in the 137Cs transport (Ritchie and Ritchie, 2007; Sac et al., 2008; Walling and Quine, 1991).
Several techniques have been developed and used to measure soil erosion and deposition throughout the world (Sac et al., 2008). Use of nuclear techniques in erosionmonitoring and especially for the quantificationof soil loss, offers a fast and economical tool to estimate erosion rates. Cesium-137 is an artificial radionuclide with a half-life of 30.2 years, which has been released into the environment as a result of nuclear weapon tests primarily during the 1950–1970 (Ritchie and Ritchie, 2007). Cesium-137 fallout reaches the earth's surface mostly as a result of precipitation, and is strongly and rapidly adsorbed by fine soil colloidal particles such as clay minerals and organic matter in the topsoil. Chemical or biological removal of 137Cs from soil particles is limited; and it is assumed that only physical processes moving soil particles such as soil erosion and tillage practices are involved in the 137Cs transport (Ritchie and Ritchie, 2007; Sac et al., 2008; Walling and Quine, 1991).
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