(2) accepting the project using available funds to invest C0 and paying out a dividend later of Xð1 2 tcÞ, which will then be taxable to shareholders – the value now, of this future cashflowto shareholders, is given by the amount they can borrow now, if they wish to do so, against their share of this future after-tax dividend; and
(3) accepting the project, borrowing against the future cash flow of Xð1 2 tcÞ, and paying out now the loan proceeds as a dividend which is taxable now to shareholders; the loan repayment will then be made with the future after-tax cash inflow.