The inspiratory muscle warm-up and inspiratory muscle training were undertaken while seated with each breath initiated from residual volume with the nose occluded. The training device provided a threshold resistance during inspiration only, as the device was removed during expiration to ensure that no expiratory resistance was encountered We chose not to incorporate a placebo inspiratory muscle warm-up, as it has been shown previously that two sets of 30 forced breaths through an inspiratory muscle trainer without the imposition of an inspiratory challenge increases PImax of an inspiratory challenge increases PImax