For the companies that do not getting the optimum efficiency, Frontier analysis gives a set of
optimum DMU as their reference. The reference DMU for the inefficient companies in this study
is showed in Table 3.6. Only company with similar input and output will be chosen as reference
DMU. For Genting, the company size is bigger than many other companies, therefore it is not
chosen to be the reference DMU for any of the companies in the study except TNB.
Each inefficient DMU have one or more optimum DMU as their reference to increase their
efficiency. As an example, Maxis and YLI were proposed to be the reference DMU for Astro by
Frontier Analysis.