Empirical referent
Empirical referent according to Walker & Avant10 represents categories of the actual phenomenon that by their mere existence demonstrate the occurrence of the concept itself. Adherence to therapy, a sense of well-being, having a positive attitude, and the ability to engage in self- management despite physical limitations could be empirical referents of hope. Several instruments that are valid and reliable are currently in use in research and practice.
Conclusion
Health is ever-changing. Health is a process that is inextricably woven with hope.19 Heart failure, like other chronic illnesses, can affect someone physically, mentally, and psychologically. People with HF try to find meaning in their everyday existence despite limitations imposed by their illness. Hope is an intangible concept that is difficult to observe, and is imbedded within someone’s personal experience. It is a belief that something positive without any guaranteed expectation that it will occur.38 Hope is necessary for survival and well-being.
Empirical referentEmpirical referent according to Walker & Avant10 represents categories of the actual phenomenon that by their mere existence demonstrate the occurrence of the concept itself. Adherence to therapy, a sense of well-being, having a positive attitude, and the ability to engage in self- management despite physical limitations could be empirical referents of hope. Several instruments that are valid and reliable are currently in use in research and practice.ConclusionHealth is ever-changing. Health is a process that is inextricably woven with hope.19 Heart failure, like other chronic illnesses, can affect someone physically, mentally, and psychologically. People with HF try to find meaning in their everyday existence despite limitations imposed by their illness. Hope is an intangible concept that is difficult to observe, and is imbedded within someone’s personal experience. It is a belief that something positive without any guaranteed expectation that it will occur.38 Hope is necessary for survival and well-being.
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