Of course, specific regulatory frameworks enable these quotidian practices by facilitating energy-intensive urban growth. First, according to a Thai electricity expert, the unplanned urbanization in the BMR promotes unbridled growth of electricity usage (Permpongsacharoen 2014, personal communication). None of the provinces in BMR take into account electricity as a factor determining urban growth. As a result, developers build more malls, houses, and offices and then feed electricity into these new buildings. Second, neither national nor provincial governments have regulated electricity usage in new buildings—for instance, by limiting how much electricity per square meter shopping malls can use.1Third, the government has offered insufficient incentives for developers to follow green building codes, and do not penalize those who do not comply.2 Fourth, neither the Metropolitan Electricity Authority (MEA) nor the Provincial Electricity Authority (PEA) have created a pricing structure that discourages heavy users from consuming electricity. It is not much more expensive for shopping malls or industries to buy electricity per unit than it is for home residents. Overall, the price of electricity has done little to curb consumption by affluent consumers and large businesses (ibid.).