Immobilization of microbial consortia is important for the optimum operation of an anaerobic treatment sys-tem because it prevents the accidental washout of microorganisms.Anaerobic treatment systems that are used with supporting materials include the fixed-bed,packed-bed,and fluidized-bed,and fluidized-bed reactors.A variety of materials,such as carbon fiber,glass,polyethylene fi-ber,and zeolite filter,are used for the degradation of garbage or garbage leachate(Ueno et al.2007a;Castilla et al.2009;Sasaki et al.2010a;Zhang et al.2011).In addition,clay fiber,polypropylene membrane,polyurethane foam,polyvinyl-chloride, and tire rubber are used as supporting materials for wastewater treatment (Willie and colleran 1984; Show and Day 1999; picanco et al.2001; Tatara et al.2004; Chauhan and Ogram 2005; Umana et al.2008). The types and characteristics of supporting materials are summarized in Table l.