Melanoma is the most fatal skin cancer, but the etiology of this devastating disease is still
poorly understood. Recently, the transcription factor Sox10 has been shown to promote
both melanoma initiation and progression. Reducing SOX10 expression levels in human
melanoma cells and in a genetic melanoma mouse model, efficiently abolishes tumorigenesis
by inducing cell cycle exit and apoptosis. Here, we show that this anti-tumorigenic effect
functionally involves SOX9, a factor related to SOX10 and upregulated in melanoma cells
upon loss of SOX10. Unlike SOX10, SOX9 is not required for normal melanocyte stem cell
function, the formation of hyperplastic lesions, and melanoma initiation. To the contrary,
SOX9 overexpression results in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and a gene expression profile
shared by melanoma cells with reduced SOX10 expression. Moreover, SOX9 binds to the
SOX10 promoter and induces downregulation of SOX10 expression, revealing a feedback
loop reinforcing the SOX10 low/SOX9 high ant,m/ii-tumorigenic program. Finally, SOX9 is
required in vitro and in vivo for the anti-tumorigenic effect achieved by reducing SOX10 expression.
Thus, SOX10 and SOX9 are functionally antagonistic regulators of
melanoma development
Melanoma is the most fatal skin cancer, but the etiology of this devastating disease is stillpoorly understood. Recently, the transcription factor Sox10 has been shown to promoteboth melanoma initiation and progression. Reducing SOX10 expression levels in humanmelanoma cells and in a genetic melanoma mouse model, efficiently abolishes tumorigenesisby inducing cell cycle exit and apoptosis. Here, we show that this anti-tumorigenic effectfunctionally involves SOX9, a factor related to SOX10 and upregulated in melanoma cellsupon loss of SOX10. Unlike SOX10, SOX9 is not required for normal melanocyte stem cellfunction, the formation of hyperplastic lesions, and melanoma initiation. To the contrary,SOX9 overexpression results in cell cycle arrest, apoptosis, and a gene expression profileshared by melanoma cells with reduced SOX10 expression. Moreover, SOX9 binds to theSOX10 promoter and induces downregulation of SOX10 expression, revealing a feedbackloop reinforcing the SOX10 low/SOX9 high ant,m/ii-tumorigenic program. Finally, SOX9 isrequired in vitro and in vivo for the anti-tumorigenic effect achieved by reducing SOX10 expression.Thus, SOX10 and SOX9 are functionally antagonistic regulators ofmelanoma development
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