The field of RRT has undergone remarkable changes over the last decade and is continuing to evolve rapidly. CRRT is now firmly established throughout the world as perhaps the most commonly used form of RRT. CRRT is clearly superior to IHD with regard to physiological end points. Modifications of IHD, such as SLEDD, are able to combine the advantages of both IHD and CRRT. The use of novel membranes and of different intensities of treatment is being explored in the areas of sepsis management and in liver support. Critical care nephrology is a fast-emerging subspecialty, and critical care physicians are likely to play a paramount role in the management of patients with renal failure.
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