Conventional extraction was carried out at 0.1 MPa by weigh- ing 5 g of papaya seeds into Erlenmeyer flasks containing 80% aqueous methanol using a solid/liquid ratio of 1:2. The mixture was agitated in an orbital shaker (Boeco, OS20, Hamburg, Ger- many) for 1 h and then filtered through Whatman #1 filter paper (Whatman International Limited, Kent, England).