And you know what one finds is kind of something of the polar opposite of what I've just been
describing. Those kids frequently have "Tiger Moms" or "Helicopter Parents." Tiger moms
driving them to do something that they're not interested in. Or helicopter parents who
say "Look, you can't make a mistake. We're building the resume for Harvard now. You can't
take a risk." So they, I didn't do it in a scientific sense. But having spent many years
of teaching. I've spent 12 years in the classroom as a high school English teacher. I've seen
the alternative patterns and they're all too common sadly.
I did something else though that may relate to your question. I talked to Joel Podolny
who's vice president of Human Resources at Apple and head of Apple University. Now Joel's
previous job, he was Dean of the Yale School of Management. And he's taught in both Stanford
and Harvard's business schools. And he has a PhD from Stanford. I wanted to find out
what he saw as the best preparation for business schools for young people to be innovators.
And he said "Look, you have to understand. To get into Harvard or Stanford, you've learned
to play a game. And a very safe game. Because that's the only way you get into Harvard or
Stanford. You go work for a place like Goldman Sachs or whatever and then you go." And he
said "Problem one is, the kinds of people who get there are not risk-takers. They're
not innovators. They've had no experiences in innovation. Problem two is what they learn.
What they learned" in his words, "Is how to squeeze more juice out of the orange. Economies
of scale versus how to grow better oranges." Which is innovation.
Other questions?
>>Male #5: So what if schools can't be fixed? So, I'm basing this off of, there's another
set of researchers that came and talked to us last week that wrote a book called Race
Against The Machine. It's all based on the idea that Moore's Law is processing power
and things are doubling every few years. And the world's just changing really fast. What
if schools will never change fast enough? And teachers will never change fast enough
to keep up with this? How will you use technology, in your research, to fix this problem?
>>Tony Wagner: Yeah. Well I think that's a really, really interesting question. But first
of all I can take you right now to schools that are really doing an extraordinary job
of all the things I just described. So it's' not true that schools can't change. If we
think about startups. And schools that are startups. Then we see a completely different
landscape.
Now let me be clear, I'm not saying all charter schools are better. I wanna be really, really
clear about that. The research is quite clear that about 17 percent of charter schools outperform
comparable public schools. About 20 percent underperform comparable public schools and
the rest do no better. No different. So I think we need to incent more RND through lab
schools. But having said that I think the whole issue of technology is a fascinating
one.
Since information knowledge is now commoditized, we're seeing Coursera, Udacity, EdX all of
these online opportunities to acquire certification for taking courses. But that's content. What
about skills? So here's my idea that I'm, I would love to play with. What if you put
together a blended learning experience for the last two years of high school, first two
years of college? The blended learning would be a combination of taking some of these courses
for certification. From EdX or Coursera . it would include an, a face to face experience
with this brand new organization called Project Breaker. Where you work in a team to solve
a problem, create a product over a three month period. It would include taking the college
and work readiness assessment. One of these really good tests I describe. It would include
a number of challenges that you would undertake. All of which you would then put into your
digital portfolio. Pathbrite is my current favorite example of a really interesting web
model for digital portfolio. P-A-T-H-B-R-I-T-E. And then you would submit your digital portfolio
to a panel of reviewers. Who would use valid external criteria for determining whether
or not you should earn a certificate of initial mastery. Which would suddenly be worth more
And you know what one finds is kind of something of the polar opposite of what I've just been
describing. Those kids frequently have "Tiger Moms" or "Helicopter Parents." Tiger moms
driving them to do something that they're not interested in. Or helicopter parents who
say "Look, you can't make a mistake. We're building the resume for Harvard now. You can't
take a risk." So they, I didn't do it in a scientific sense. But having spent many years
of teaching. I've spent 12 years in the classroom as a high school English teacher. I've seen
the alternative patterns and they're all too common sadly.
I did something else though that may relate to your question. I talked to Joel Podolny
who's vice president of Human Resources at Apple and head of Apple University. Now Joel's
previous job, he was Dean of the Yale School of Management. And he's taught in both Stanford
and Harvard's business schools. And he has a PhD from Stanford. I wanted to find out
what he saw as the best preparation for business schools for young people to be innovators.
And he said "Look, you have to understand. To get into Harvard or Stanford, you've learned
to play a game. And a very safe game. Because that's the only way you get into Harvard or
Stanford. You go work for a place like Goldman Sachs or whatever and then you go." And he
said "Problem one is, the kinds of people who get there are not risk-takers. They're
not innovators. They've had no experiences in innovation. Problem two is what they learn.
What they learned" in his words, "Is how to squeeze more juice out of the orange. Economies
of scale versus how to grow better oranges." Which is innovation.
Other questions?
>>Male #5: So what if schools can't be fixed? So, I'm basing this off of, there's another
set of researchers that came and talked to us last week that wrote a book called Race
Against The Machine. It's all based on the idea that Moore's Law is processing power
and things are doubling every few years. And the world's just changing really fast. What
if schools will never change fast enough? And teachers will never change fast enough
to keep up with this? How will you use technology, in your research, to fix this problem?
>>Tony Wagner: Yeah. Well I think that's a really, really interesting question. But first
of all I can take you right now to schools that are really doing an extraordinary job
of all the things I just described. So it's' not true that schools can't change. If we
think about startups. And schools that are startups. Then we see a completely different
landscape.
Now let me be clear, I'm not saying all charter schools are better. I wanna be really, really
clear about that. The research is quite clear that about 17 percent of charter schools outperform
comparable public schools. About 20 percent underperform comparable public schools and
the rest do no better. No different. So I think we need to incent more RND through lab
schools. But having said that I think the whole issue of technology is a fascinating
one.
Since information knowledge is now commoditized, we're seeing Coursera, Udacity, EdX all of
these online opportunities to acquire certification for taking courses. But that's content. What
about skills? So here's my idea that I'm, I would love to play with. What if you put
together a blended learning experience for the last two years of high school, first two
years of college? The blended learning would be a combination of taking some of these courses
for certification. From EdX or Coursera . it would include an, a face to face experience
with this brand new organization called Project Breaker. Where you work in a team to solve
a problem, create a product over a three month period. It would include taking the college
and work readiness assessment. One of these really good tests I describe. It would include
a number of challenges that you would undertake. All of which you would then put into your
digital portfolio. Pathbrite is my current favorite example of a really interesting web
model for digital portfolio. P-A-T-H-B-R-I-T-E. And then you would submit your digital portfolio
to a panel of reviewers. Who would use valid external criteria for determining whether
or not you should earn a certificate of initial mastery. Which would suddenly be worth more
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