Nanocomposites composed of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) were
prepared using a solvent casting method, with the goal of making green nanocomposites.
Prior to the incorporation of CNF into the polymer matrix, surface modification of CNF was
accompanied by esterification to improve the dispersion of CNF and its interfacial adhesion
with the biopolymer. Microstructure, barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of the
nanocomposites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed
uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at low contents (1 and 3 wt%),
but also that a higher content (5 wt%) of CNF was easily agglomerated. This caused the
mechanical properties of the nanocomposites to be reduced. The results of water vapor
permeability (WVP) tests showed that the use of acetylated nanofibers had no significant
effect on the permeability of films. Tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) of
nanocomposites with 1 wt% CNF did not show significant changes, however elongation
percentage (E) increased by more than 60%. The TS, EM and E changed significantly for
nanocomposites with 3 and 5 wt% CNF. Moreover, nanofiber orientation effectively
occurred in the PLA matrix. The reinforcing effect of CNF composition with PLA caused a
slight increase in glass transition and melting temperatures. However, the nanocomposite
films showed a very similar pattern of thermal behavior to that of neat PLA film.
Nanocomposites composed of cellulose nanofiber (CNF) and polylactic acid (PLA) were
prepared using a solvent casting method, with the goal of making green nanocomposites.
Prior to the incorporation of CNF into the polymer matrix, surface modification of CNF was
accompanied by esterification to improve the dispersion of CNF and its interfacial adhesion
with the biopolymer. Microstructure, barrier, mechanical and thermal properties of the
nanocomposites were studied. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs revealed
uniform distribution of nanoparticles in the polymer matrix at low contents (1 and 3 wt%),
but also that a higher content (5 wt%) of CNF was easily agglomerated. This caused the
mechanical properties of the nanocomposites to be reduced. The results of water vapor
permeability (WVP) tests showed that the use of acetylated nanofibers had no significant
effect on the permeability of films. Tensile strength (TS) and elastic modulus (EM) of
nanocomposites with 1 wt% CNF did not show significant changes, however elongation
percentage (E) increased by more than 60%. The TS, EM and E changed significantly for
nanocomposites with 3 and 5 wt% CNF. Moreover, nanofiber orientation effectively
occurred in the PLA matrix. The reinforcing effect of CNF composition with PLA caused a
slight increase in glass transition and melting temperatures. However, the nanocomposite
films showed a very similar pattern of thermal behavior to that of neat PLA film.
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