1. High number of competing firms
2. Similar size of firms competing
3. similar capability of firms competing
4. Falling demand for the industry’s products
5. Falling product or service prices in the industry
6. when consumers can switch brands easily
7. when barriers to leaving the market are high
8. when barriers to entering the market are low
9. when fixed costs are high among firms competing
10. when the product is perishable
11. when rivals have excess capacity
12. when consumer demand is falling
13. when rivals have excess inventory
14. when rivals sell similar products and services
15. when mergers are common in the industry