Rice straw is the main source of organic C inputs in the paddy fields and is often attributed to the increase in SOC concentration after returning to paddy fields (Pan et al., 2004; Ji et al., 2012; Liu et al., 2012). Rice straw is often incorporated to different soil depth by using different powered machines (Liu et al., 2012), resulting in a larger amount of rice straw incorporated to the shallow plough layer. Using a three year experiments, the general objective of this study was to examine the effects of rice straw incorporation and tillage depth on soil puddlability, soil physical properties during the rice growth period and then root growth traits.