Forest ¯oor displacement can also occur during
harvesting, although cable yarding systems, snow
cover, and other factors may greatly limit disturbance
of forest ¯oors. Exposure of mineral soil to erosive
rainfall impact is only one of several possible impacts
of forest ¯oor displacement Localized nutrient
removals can be signi®cant. In the case of small
scalps, a signi®cant fraction of the displaced nutrients
may remain within reach of a tree seedling's extending
root system.