By contrast, the export market survival of gradually internationalizing firms will be the least dependent on slack resources and innovation resources compared with born-global and born-regional firms. The liabilities of newness and foreignness do not adhere that strongly to gradually internationalizing firms because these firms enter foreign markets sequentially and can more easily learn from their own operations and build experiential knowledge. Accordingly, their survival in the international environment will be less dependent on slack resources (Chang & Rhee, 2011) and innovation (Shrader, Oviatt, & McDougall, 2000). In this study, we further sharpen the understanding about the impact of resources on the survival of INVs and show that resources are an important boundary condition for the functionality of different internationalization strategies regarding international market survival.