Communication Channels – Telephone channels: circuit switching, end-to-end communication link
(temporary) between speaker and listener, speech signal 300-3100 Hz – Optical fibers: dielectric waveguide, light signals, advantages;
enormous bandwidth, low transmission losses, immunity to
electromagnetic interference, small size and weight, ruggedness and
flexibility, LOW COST line (made from sand) – Mobile radio channels: mobility users while communicate, no line-ofsight
path by way of scattering from the surfaces of the surrounding
buildings and diffraction over around them (multipath phenomenon) – Satellite channel: broad-area coverage, remote area (no networks),
geostationary orbit (22,300 miles over equator) fixed point in sky,
reliable wide transmission bandwidth link, single transponder can
carry one color television signal (1200 voice circuits or 50 Mb/s digital
data)