The last three teacher-related categories are: (5)lecturing, where the teacher expresses or explains her own ideas, or gives information which she has selected to the pupils; (6)giving directions, orders, command, etc. which the pupil is expected to obey; and, finally,(7)criticising or justifying authority, for example, when disciplining a pupil who has misbehaved. These are sometimes called 'direct' behaviours.