When intestinal epithelial cells (IEC) are exposed to pathogen microorganisms they produce pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL8 and TNFα. The probiotics inhibit the production of these cytokines and induce the production of anti-inflammatory mediators such as TGFβ and TSLP (thymic stromal lipoproteins), which can stimulate the differentiation of immature dendritic cells (DCs) in regulatory dendritic cells (DCreg).