The focus of these reforms is on the understanding of key concepts, principles, and
procedures. Factual knowledge is organized around important concepts and introduced as
students need it and within the context of solving problems. Rather than being passive
listeners, students are actively engaged in applying their new knowledge to the solution of
complex tasks. Teachers support student learning by individualizing instruction to the needs
of students, addressing misconceptions they may have, and providing the time that students
need to learn. This model also stresses the usefulness of school knowledge for the real world.
The transfer of school learning is facilitated by relating concepts, principles, and procedures
to a wide variety of appropriate, real world examples and situations.