1. For a theoretical discussion on reframing international conflicts,see Aggestam 1995.
2. rack-two diplomacy involves the aspects of unofficial and informal diplomacy. It is thought of as an adjunct to official diplomacy(track one) with emphasis on reducing psychological barriers between the adversaries in order to create new openings in the official negotiations(Montville 1987:7).
3. This kind of investigative journalism has been further enhanced, especially in the U.S., after scandals such as Watergate and Irangate(see, e.g., Katzenbach 1973).
4. The three cases are: Willy Brandt's ostpolitik initiative, which resulted in the 1972 Basic Treaty between West Germany and East Germany; Richard Nixon's and Jimmy Carter's