connection to the server, and measure the HTTP connect duration
by connecting to the web-server. According to Chen et al.
[25], this performance is comparable to the low-level ping measurements
on Android devices. Still, as Becker et al. [21] have
observed, the HTTP connect is usually intercepted and an ACK
is returned by the performance enhancing proxy server (PEP).
Its presence in the measured network is confirmed running
Netalyzr, which is also described in [27]. Hence, instead of
the HTTP connect duration (HTTP ping) the time to first byte
(TTFB) is measured for the 25 most popular URLs, on which
the subsequent analysis is based.