1.2. Dust explosion
A dust explosion is initiated by the rapid combustion of
flammable particulates suspended in air. Any solid material
that can burn in air will do so with a violence and speed that
increases with the degree of sub-division of the material [6].
Higher the degree of sub-division (in other words smaller
the particle size) more rapid and explosive the burning, till a
limiting stage is reached when particles too fine in size tend
to lump together. If the ignited dust cloud is unconfined, it
would only cause a flash fire. But if the ignited dust cloud is
confined, even partially, the heat of combustion may result in
rapid development of pressure, with flame propagation across
the dust cloud and the evolution of large quantities of heat and
reaction products. The furious pace of these events results in
an explosion. Besides the particle size, the violence of such
an explosion depends on the rate of energy release due to
combustion relative to the degree of confinement and heat
losses. In exceptional situations a destructive explosion can occur even in an unconfined dust cloud if the reactions caused
by combustion are so fast that pressure builds up in the dust
cloud faster than it can be dissipated at the edge of the cloud [7].
The oxygen required for combustion is mostly supplied by air.
The condition necessary for a dust explosion is a simultaneous
presence of dust cloud of appropriate concentration in air that
will support combustion throughout the process and a suitable
ignition source. In case of dusts made up of volatile substances,
the explosion may occur in three steps which may follow each
other in very quick succession—devolatization (where volatiles
are let off by the particle or the particles are vapourized), gas
phase mixing of fuel (released by dusts) and oxidant (usually
air), and gas phase combustion.
Many combustible dusts if dispersed as a cloud in air and
ignited, will allow a flame to propagate through the cloud in a
manner similar to (though not identical to) the propagation of
flames in premixed fuel–oxidant gases [8]. Such dusts include
common foodstuffs like sugar flour, cocoa, synthetic materials
such as plastics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, metals such as
aluminum and magnesium, and traditional fuels such as coal and
wood. Generally dust explosion involves oxide formation:
Fuel + oxygen → oxide + heat
1.2. Dust explosion
A dust explosion is initiated by the rapid combustion of
flammable particulates suspended in air. Any solid material
that can burn in air will do so with a violence and speed that
increases with the degree of sub-division of the material [6].
Higher the degree of sub-division (in other words smaller
the particle size) more rapid and explosive the burning, till a
limiting stage is reached when particles too fine in size tend
to lump together. If the ignited dust cloud is unconfined, it
would only cause a flash fire. But if the ignited dust cloud is
confined, even partially, the heat of combustion may result in
rapid development of pressure, with flame propagation across
the dust cloud and the evolution of large quantities of heat and
reaction products. The furious pace of these events results in
an explosion. Besides the particle size, the violence of such
an explosion depends on the rate of energy release due to
combustion relative to the degree of confinement and heat
losses. In exceptional situations a destructive explosion can occur even in an unconfined dust cloud if the reactions caused
by combustion are so fast that pressure builds up in the dust
cloud faster than it can be dissipated at the edge of the cloud [7].
The oxygen required for combustion is mostly supplied by air.
The condition necessary for a dust explosion is a simultaneous
presence of dust cloud of appropriate concentration in air that
will support combustion throughout the process and a suitable
ignition source. In case of dusts made up of volatile substances,
the explosion may occur in three steps which may follow each
other in very quick succession—devolatization (where volatiles
are let off by the particle or the particles are vapourized), gas
phase mixing of fuel (released by dusts) and oxidant (usually
air), and gas phase combustion.
Many combustible dusts if dispersed as a cloud in air and
ignited, will allow a flame to propagate through the cloud in a
manner similar to (though not identical to) the propagation of
flames in premixed fuel–oxidant gases [8]. Such dusts include
common foodstuffs like sugar flour, cocoa, synthetic materials
such as plastics, chemicals and pharmaceuticals, metals such as
aluminum and magnesium, and traditional fuels such as coal and
wood. Generally dust explosion involves oxide formation:
Fuel + oxygen → oxide + heat
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