The increase of the inlet temperatureofgasturbineshas
resulted inahigherheatloadonturbinecomponents.Blade
tips aredirectlyexposedtotheleakage flow andalarge
thermal load,leadingtodifficulties incooling.Acomplex
flow prevailsatthetipgapbetweentherotatingbladetip
and thestationaryshroud.Theleakage flow withahigh
velocity willimpingeonthebladetip.Asthehotgasleaks
through thetipclearancefromthepressuresidetothe
suction side,thebladetipsalsomaybebrokenbecausethe
thin boundarylayerandtheassociatedhighheattransfer
coefficient. Asquealerisessentiallyarecessedcavityonthe
blade tip.Thesquealertipasalabyrinthsealstructure
increases the flow resistance,whicheffectivelyreducesboth
the leakage flow andthetipheattransfer.Filmcoolingis
most widelyusedincoolingsystemsofgasturbineblades.
The coolantfromdiscrete film coolingholesalsoreduces
the tipleakage flow andthetipheattransfer.
To findsolutionsforobtaininglowheattransferinthe
blade zone,manyinvestigationshavebeenconducted.
Metzger etal. [1] and Chyuetal. [2] concludedfrom
experimentsthatthereisanoptimalvalueofthedepthto
width ratioforagivenpressuredifferenceacrossthegap.
They foundthatalthoughtheheattransferrateonthecavity
floor islowerthanthatona flat tip,theadditionalheat
transfer arearesultedinhigherheattransfer.Heyesetal. [3]
found thatbyusingasuctionsiderimbladetip,theleakage
flow wasreducedmorethanbya flat tip.Asinglepoint
measurementonthecavitybottomwascarriedoutbyYang
and Diller [4] to reportlocalheattransfercoefficients ona
squealer tip.Kimetal. [5] summarizedtheresultsof
Metzger‘s importantexperimentalwork,i.e.,theheat
transfer and film coolingeffectivenessforarectangular
tip model.BunkerandBailey [6,7] experimentallyinvesti-
gated theheattransfercoefficient andtheleakage flow with
wooden stripsgluedtothetipsurface.DunnandHaldeman
[8] experimentallyinvestigatedtime-averagedheat flux data
for arecessedtipontheplatformofatransonicturbine
blade.BunkerandBailey [9] experimentallyinvestigated
the effectofrimheightandoxidationonthetipheat
transfer,andtheyfoundthatahigherrimproducedlower
heattransfercoefficients. Azadetal. [10] investigatedthe
effectofrimgeometryarrangementonthetipheattransfer
andfoundthatthesuctionsiderimprovidedthelowestheat
transfercoefficient. Papaetal. [11] experimentallystudied
averageandlocalmasstransfercoefficientsonthetipblade
usingthenaphthalenesublimationtechnique.Kwaketal.
[12] experimentallystudiedeffectsoftherimheightandthe
tip gapclearanceonthetipheattransfercoefficients.They
found thathigherrimsreducetheheattransfercoefficients
onthebladetipandshroud,buttherewasaweaker
influenceonboththepressureandsuctionsides.Mhetras
etal. [13] experimentallystudiedeffectsofshapedholeson
the tippressuresideandcoolantjetimpingementonthe
pressuresidesquealerrimfromtipholes,usingapressure
sensitivepaint(PSP)technique.Mhetrasetal. [14] also
investigatedthe film coolingeffectivenessfromshaped
holesontheneartippressuresideandcylindricalholeson
the squealercavity floor bythePSPtechnique.Wangetal.
[15] found theoverallcoolingeffectivenessiscorrelatedas
the functionsoftheReynoldsnumberofthehotmainstream
bysurfacetemperaturemeasurementswithaninfrared
thermalimagingsystem.O.HassanandI.Hassan [16,17]
investigatedthe film coolingeffectivenessandtheheat
transfercoefficient ofaMicro-Tangential-Jet film cooling
schemeonagasturbinevaneusingtransientthermochro-
mic liquidcrustal(TLC)technique.Theparticleimage
velocimetry(PIV)playsamoreimportantroleinexperi-
mental fluid mechanics,includingturbineaerodynamics
experiments [18,19]. PraisnerandSmith [20,21] investi-
gatedinstantaneous flow field andheattransferonthe
endwallbybothPIVmeasurementsandliquidcrystal
thermography(LCT)inawatertunnel.Palafoxetal. [22]
alsoinvestigatedtheinteractionbetweenthetipleakage
flow vortexandpassagevortexbyusingparticleimage
การเพิ่มขึ้นของ temperatureofgasturbineshas เข้าส่งผลให้ inahigherheatloadonturbinecomponents ใบมีดเคล็ดลับ aredirectlyexposedtotheleakage ไหล andalargeโหลดความร้อน leadingtodifficulties incooling Acomplexprevailsatthetipgapbetweentherotatingbladetip ไหลและ thestationaryshroud Theleakage ไหล withahighความเร็ว willimpingeonthebladetip Asthehotgasleaksโดย thetipclearancefromthepressuresidetotheดูดข้าง thebladetipsalsomaybebrokenbecausetheบาง boundarylayerandtheassociatedhighheattransferค่าสัมประสิทธิ์การ Asquealerisessentiallyarecessedcavityontheใบคำแนะนำ Thesquealertipasalabyrinthsealstructureเพิ่มความต้านทานการไหล whicheffectivelyreducesbothandthetipheattransfer กระแสรั่วไหล Filmcoolingisส่วนใหญ่ widelyusedincoolingsystemsofgasturbinebladesCoolingholesalsoreduces ฟิล์ม coolantfromdiscreteandthetipheattransfer ไหล tipleakageการ findsolutionsforobtaininglowheattransferintheใบโซน manyinvestigationshavebeenconductedMetzger etal [1] และ Chyuetal [2] concludedfromexperimentsthatthereisanoptimalvalueofthedepthtoความกว้าง ratioforagivenpressuredifferenceacrossthegapพวกเขา foundthatalthoughtheheattransferrateonthecavityคำแบนชั้น islowerthanthatona, theadditionalheatโอน arearesultedinhigherheattransfer Heyesetal [3]พบ thatbyusingasuctionsiderimbladetip, theleakageกระแส wasreducedmorethanbya แบนปลาย AsinglepointmeasurementonthecavitybottomwascarriedoutbyYangและ Diller [4] การ reportlocalheattransfercoefficients onasquealer คำแนะนำ Kimetal [5] summarizedtheresultsofImportantexperimentalwork,i.e.,theheat ของ Metzgercoolingeffectivenessforarectangular โอนและฟิล์มรุ่นแนะนำ Experimentallyinvesti BunkerandBailey [6, 7] -gated ไหล andtheleakage theheattransfercoefficient ด้วยไม้ stripsgluedtothetipsurface DunnandHaldeman[8] ข้อมูลไหล experimentallyinvestigatedtime-averagedheatสำหรับ arecessedtipontheplatformofatransonicturbineใบมีด Experimentallyinvestigated BunkerandBailey [9]effectofrimheightandoxidationonthetipheat การถ่ายโอน andtheyfoundthatahigherrimproducedlowerheattransfercoefficients Azadetal [10] investigatedtheeffectofrimgeometryarrangementonthetipheattransferandfoundthatthesuctionsiderimprovidedthelowestheattransfercoefficient Papaetal [11] experimentallystudiedaverageandlocalmasstransfercoefficientsonthetipbladeusingthenaphthalenesublimationtechnique Kwaketal[12] experimentallystudiedeffectsoftherimheightandtheคำ gapclearanceonthetipheattransfercoefficients พวกเขาพบ thathigherrimsreducetheheattransfercoefficientsonthebladetipandshroud, buttherewasaweakerinfluenceonboththepressureandsuctionsides Mhetrasetal [13] experimentallystudiedeffectsofshapedholesontippressuresideandcoolantjetimpingementonthe การpressuresidesquealerrimfromtipholes, usingapressureเทคนิค sensitivepaint (PSP) Mhetrasetal [14] นอกจากนี้investigatedthe ฟิล์ม coolingeffectivenessfromshapedholesontheneartippressuresideandcylindricalholesonชั้น bythePSPtechnique.Wangetal squealercavity[15] พบ theoverallcoolingeffectivenessiscorrelatedasfunctionsoftheReynoldsnumberofthehotmainstream การbysurfacetemperaturemeasurementswithaninfraredthermalimagingsystem O.HassanandI.Hassan [16,17]investigatedthe ฟิล์ม coolingeffectivenessandtheheattransfercoefficient ofaMicro Tangential Jet ฟิล์มความร้อนschemeonagasturbinevaneusingtransientthermochro-ไมค์ liquidcrustal (TLC) เทคนิค Theparticleimagevelocimetry (PIV) playsamoreimportantroleinexperi-กลศาสตร์ของไหลจิต includingturbineaerodynamicsการทดลองที่ [18,19] หาก PraisnerandSmith [20,21] -gatedinstantaneous ไหลฟิลด์ andheattransferontheendwallbybothPIVmeasurementsandliquidcrystalถ่ายภาพความร้อน (สามารถใช้ได้) inawatertunnel Palafoxetal [22]alsoinvestigatedtheinteractionbetweenthetipleakagevortexandpassagevortexbyusingparticleimage ไหล
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การเพิ่มขึ้นของ temperatureofgasturbineshas ปากน้ำผล inahigherheatloadonturbinecomponents . ใบมีดเคล็ดลับ aredirectlyexposedtotheleakage ไหล andalargeความร้อนโหลด leadingtodifficulties acomplex incooling .prevailsatthetipgapbetweentherotatingbladetip ไหลthestationaryshroud withahigh ไหล theleakage และ .asthehotgasleaks willimpingeonthebladetip ความเร็วผ่าน thetipclearancefromthepressuresidetothethebladetipsalsomaybebrokenbecausethe ดูดข้างboundarylayerandtheassociatedhighheattransfer บางสัมประสิทธิ์ asquealerisessentiallyarecessedcavityonthethesquealertipasalabyrinthsealstructure ปลายใบมีดเพิ่มความต้านทานการไหล whicheffectivelyreducesbothการรั่วไหล filmcoolingis andthetipheattransfer .widelyusedincoolingsystemsofgasturbineblades ที่สุดการ coolantfromdiscrete ภาพยนตร์ coolingholesalsoreducesการ tipleakage ไหล andthetipheattransfer .เพื่อ findsolutionsforobtaininglowheattransferintheใบมีดโซน manyinvestigationshavebeenconducted .เม็ตสเกอร์คณะ . [ 1 ] และ chyuetal . [ 2 ] concludedfromexperimentsthatthereisanoptimalvalueofthedepthtoความกว้าง ratioforagivenpressuredifferenceacrossthegap .พวกเขา foundthatalthoughtheheattransferrateonthecavityชั้น islowerthanthatona แบนปลาย theadditionalheatโอน arearesultedinhigherheattransfer.heyesetal . [ 2 ]พบ thatbyusingasuctionsiderimbladetip theleakage ,wasreducedmorethanbya แบน asinglepoint ไหลปลายmeasurementonthecavitybottomwascarriedoutbyyangและ ดิลเลอร์ [ 4 ] เพื่อ reportlocalheattransfercoefficients ONAtip.kimetal squealer . [ 5 ] summarizedtheresultsofเม็ตสเกอร์ก็ importantexperimentalwork ได้แก่ theheatโอนถ่าย coolingeffectivenessforarectangularเคล็ดลับ model.bunkerandbailey [ 6 , 7 ] experimentallyinvesti -ผม theheattransfercoefficient andtheleakage ไหลกับไม้ stripsgluedtothetipsurface.dunnandhaldeman[ 8 ] experimentallyinvestigatedtime averagedheat ไหลข้อมูลสำหรับ arecessedtipontheplatformofatransonicturbineblade.bunkerandbailey [ 9 ] experimentallyinvestigatedการ effectofrimheightandoxidationonthetipheatโอน andtheyfoundthatahigherrimproducedlowerheattransfercoefficients . azadetal . [ 10 ] investigatedtheeffectofrimgeometryarrangementonthetipheattransferandfoundthatthesuctionsiderimprovidedthelowestheattransfercoefficient . papaetal . [ 11 ] experimentallystudiedaverageandlocalmasstransfercoefficientsonthetipbladeusingthenaphthalenesublimationtechnique.kwaketal .[ 12 ] experimentallystudiedeffectsoftherimheightandtheเคล็ดลับ gapclearanceonthetipheattransfercoefficients พวกเขาพบ thathigherrimsreducetheheattransfercoefficientsonthebladetipandshroud buttherewasaweaker ,mhetras influenceonboththepressureandsuctionsides .คณะ . [ 13 ] experimentallystudiedeffectsofshapedholesonการ tippressuresideandcoolantjetimpingementonthepressuresidesquealerrimfromtipholes usingapressure ,sensitivepaint ( PSP ) technique.mhetrasetal . [ 14 ] ยังcoolingeffectivenessfromshaped investigatedthe ฟิล์มholesontheneartippressuresideandcylindricalholesonการ squealercavity พื้น bythepsptechnique.wangetal .[ 15 ] พบ theoverallcoolingeffectivenessiscorrelatedasการ functionsofthereynoldsnumberofthehotmainstreambysurfacetemperaturemeasurementswithaninfraredอันเป็น thermalimagingsystem.o.hassanandi.hassan [ ]coolingeffectivenessandtheheat investigatedthe ฟิล์มtransfercoefficient ofamicro แนวเจ็ทฟิล์มเย็นschemeonagasturbinevaneusingtransientthermochro -ไมค์ liquidcrustal ( TLC ) technique.theparticleimageหัวเผา ( piv ) playsamoreimportantroleinexperi -จิต includingturbineaerodynamics ของเหลวกลศาสตร์การทดลอง [ 18,19 ] praisnerandsmith [ 20,21 ] investi -สนามการไหล gatedinstantaneous andheattransferontheendwallbybothpivmeasurementsandliquidcrystalเทอร์โมกราฟี ( ชาวไทยเชื้อสาย inawatertunnel.palafoxetal . [ 22 ]alsoinvestigatedtheinteractionbetweenthetipleakagevortexandpassagevortexbyusingparticleimage ไหล
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