Femur: posterior Markings
a. Shaft – tubular or cylindrical body of bone ; marked by anterior bow or curvature.
b. Head – prominent ,ball-shaped strulature on proximail end of bone ; articulates with acetabulum of os coxa (hip bone).
c. Fovea or fovea capitis- small depression on medial side of head; attachment site for round (teres) ligament.
d. Neck – region of bone that connects head with shaft ; frequent site of freactures.
e. Greater trochanter – large, rounded projection located lateral to neck and superior to shaft ; serves as attachment point for gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , and piriformis muscles.
f. Lesser trochanter – small prominence on medial side of bone just inferior to neck; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle.
g. Intertrochanteric crest – prominent ridge that runs along posterior surface of bone from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter ; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle.
h. Quadrate tubercle –slight elevation on intertrochanteric crest , next to the greater trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle.
i. Linea aspera (L., linea, line +asperare, rough) – vertical ridge that runs along the midline of the posterior surface; medial and lateral lips of the linea aspera serve as attachment points for adductor muscles.
j. Gluteal tuberosity – slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera ; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle.
k. Pectineal line –small ridge on posterior surface just inferiror to lesser trochanter;
serves as attachment point for pectineus muscle.
l. Lateral superacondylar ridge or line- inferior extension of lateral lip linea aspera that runs diagonally across the posterior asprct of bone ; serves as inferior portion of vastus lateralis muscle.
m. Medial supracondylar ridge or line – inferior extevsion of medial lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across posterior aspect of femur ; serves as attachment point for inferior portions of vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles.
n. Medial condyle – large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side ; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle. With the medial condyle; serves as attachment point for the gastrocnemius muscle.
o. Medial epicondyle – prominent medial protrusion superior to medial condyle; serves as attachment point for tibial (medial) collateral ligament.
p. Adductor tubercle – smallelevation on superior surface of medial condyle; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle.
q. Later condyle –large , rounded surface located at dital end of the bone on the lateral side; serves as region of the lateral side; serves as region of articulation with lateral condyle of the tibia and as attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle.
Lateral epicondyle – small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyles ; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament.
r. Intercondylar notch (fossa)- large depression located between medial and lateral condyles on posterior surface; articulaes with intercondylar eminence of tibia.
Femur: posterior Markings
a. Shaft – tubular or cylindrical body of bone ; marked by anterior bow or curvature.
b. Head – prominent ,ball-shaped strulature on proximail end of bone ; articulates with acetabulum of os coxa (hip bone).
c. Fovea or fovea capitis- small depression on medial side of head; attachment site for round (teres) ligament.
d. Neck – region of bone that connects head with shaft ; frequent site of freactures.
e. Greater trochanter – large, rounded projection located lateral to neck and superior to shaft ; serves as attachment point for gluteus medius , gluteus minimus , and piriformis muscles.
f. Lesser trochanter – small prominence on medial side of bone just inferior to neck; serves as attachment point for psoas major muscle.
g. Intertrochanteric crest – prominent ridge that runs along posterior surface of bone from greater trochanter to lesser trochanter ; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle.
h. Quadrate tubercle –slight elevation on intertrochanteric crest , next to the greater trochanter; serves as attachment point for quadratus femoris muscle.
i. Linea aspera (L., linea, line +asperare, rough) – vertical ridge that runs along the midline of the posterior surface; medial and lateral lips of the linea aspera serve as attachment points for adductor muscles.
j. Gluteal tuberosity – slight, roughened elevation located superior to linea aspera ; serves as attachment point for gluteus maximus muscle.
k. Pectineal line –small ridge on posterior surface just inferiror to lesser trochanter;
serves as attachment point for pectineus muscle.
l. Lateral superacondylar ridge or line- inferior extension of lateral lip linea aspera that runs diagonally across the posterior asprct of bone ; serves as inferior portion of vastus lateralis muscle.
m. Medial supracondylar ridge or line – inferior extevsion of medial lip of linea aspera that runs diagonally across posterior aspect of femur ; serves as attachment point for inferior portions of vastus medialis and adductor magnus muscles.
n. Medial condyle – large rounded surface at distal end of bone on medial side ; articulates with medial condyle of tibia and is attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle. With the medial condyle; serves as attachment point for the gastrocnemius muscle.
o. Medial epicondyle – prominent medial protrusion superior to medial condyle; serves as attachment point for tibial (medial) collateral ligament.
p. Adductor tubercle – smallelevation on superior surface of medial condyle; serves as attachment point for adductor magnus muscle.
q. Later condyle –large , rounded surface located at dital end of the bone on the lateral side; serves as region of the lateral side; serves as region of articulation with lateral condyle of the tibia and as attachment point for gastrocnemius muscle.
Lateral epicondyle – small lateral protrusion superior to lateral condyles ; serves as attachment point for fibular (lateral) collateral ligament.
r. Intercondylar notch (fossa)- large depression located between medial and lateral condyles on posterior surface; articulaes with intercondylar eminence of tibia.
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