Since
the
appearance
of
mankind
on
earth,
thousands
of
countries
have
existed
on
the
earth.
Of
these,
however,
only
about
a
hundred
still
occupy
a
place
on
the
map
of
the
five
continents.
And
among
these
hundred‑odd
countries
there
are
only
four
or
five
great
powers
that
are
strong
enough
to
dominate
the
world
and
to
conquer
nature.
All
countries
have
the
same
sun
and
moon,
all
have
mountains
and
rivers,
and
all
consist
of
people
with
feet
and
skulls;
but
some
countries
rise
while
others
fall,
and
some
become
strong
while
others
are
weak.
Why?
Some
attribute
it
to
geographical
advantages.
But
geographically,
America
today
is
the
same
as
America
in
ancient
times;
why
then
do
only
the
Anglo‑Saxons
enjoy
the
glory?
Similarly,
ancient
Rome
was
the
same
as
Rome
today;
why
then
have
the
Latin
people
declined
in
fame?
Some
attribute
it
to
certain
heroes.
But
Macedonia
once
had
Alexander,
and
yet
today
it
is
no
longer
seen;
Mongolia
once
had
Chinggis
Khan,
and
yet
today
it
can
hardly
maintain
its
existence.
Ah!
I
know
the
reason.
A
state
is
formed
by
the
assembling
of
people.
The
relationship
of
a
nation
to
its
people
resembles
that
of
the
body
to
its
four
limbs,
five
viscera,
muscles,
veins,
and
corpuscles.
It
has
never
happened
that
the
four
limbs
could
be
cut
off,
the
five
viscera
wasted
away,
the
muscles
and
veins
injured,
the
corpuscles
dried
up,
and
yet
the
body
still
live.
Similarly,
it
has
never
happened
that
a
people
could
be
foolish,
timid,
disorganized,
and
confused
and
yet
the
nation
still
stand.
Therefore,
if
we
wish
the
body
to
live
for
a
long
time,
we
must
understand
the
methods
of
hygiene.
If
we
wish
the
nation
to
be
secure,
rich,
and
honored,
we
must
discuss
the
way
for
“renewing
the
people.”