Originally formulated in 1979, the Modbus protocol is one
of the oldest, but most widely used, industrial control
protocols [4–6]. Modbus engages a simple request/reply
communication mechanism between a control center and
field devices. For example, a control center (master unit)
might send a “read” message to a sensor (slave device)
to obtain the value of a process parameter (e.g., pressure).
Alternatively, it might send a “write” message to an actuator
(slave device) to perform a control action (e.g., open a valve).
A unicast transaction involving a master and an addressed
slave involves two messages, a request message (e.g., to
measure pressure or open a valve) and the corresponding
response message (e.g., the pressure measurement or
an acknowledgment that the valve was opened, or an
error message indicating that the operation could not be
performed). A broadcast transaction involves the master
sending a message to all the slaves; the slaves do not send
response messages. An example broadcast transaction is a
“write” message that resets all the sensors and actuators.
Modbus communications occur over serial lines or, more
recently, using TCP/IP as a transport mechanism. The
following sections describe the Modbus Serial and TCP
protocols in more detail.
Originally formulated in 1979, the Modbus protocol is oneof the oldest, but most widely used, industrial controlprotocols [4–6]. Modbus engages a simple request/replycommunication mechanism between a control center andfield devices. For example, a control center (master unit)might send a “read” message to a sensor (slave device)to obtain the value of a process parameter (e.g., pressure).Alternatively, it might send a “write” message to an actuator(slave device) to perform a control action (e.g., open a valve).A unicast transaction involving a master and an addressedslave involves two messages, a request message (e.g., tomeasure pressure or open a valve) and the correspondingresponse message (e.g., the pressure measurement oran acknowledgment that the valve was opened, or anerror message indicating that the operation could not beperformed). A broadcast transaction involves the mastersending a message to all the slaves; the slaves do not sendresponse messages. An example broadcast transaction is a“write” message that resets all the sensors and actuators.Modbus communications occur over serial lines or, morerecently, using TCP/IP as a transport mechanism. Thefollowing sections describe the Modbus Serial and TCPprotocols in more detail.
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