Ambient Monitoring
Ambient media monitoring measures concentrations in larger spaces such as in workplaces, homes or the general environment. Ambient data are used as assumed exposure concentrations of chemicals in populations when it is not feasible or practical to conduct personal sampling for individuals in the populations. Typically, these data are used in models in addition to other assumptions regarding exposure parameters, including population activities and demographics such as age.
Challenges of Monitoring
As discussed in Section 3.4, there are many challenges to detecting and characterizing nanoscale materials, including the extremely small size of the analyte, as well as the need to distinguish the material of interest from other similarly-sized materials, the tendency for nanoparticles to agglomerate, and the cost of analysis. Additionally, as discussed in above, it is not always clear what the most appropriate metric is to measure. Mass may not be the most appropriate dose metric; therefore, techniques may be required for measuring particle counts and surface area, or other parameters. These problems are compounded when there is a need for monitoring data to be used in exposure assessment. Monitoring equipment should be not only sensitive and specific, but also easy to use, durable, able to operate in a range of environments, and affordable. Additionally, data sometimes needs to be collected continuously and analyzed in real-time. Further, the nanomaterials may need to be measured in a variety of media and several properties may need to be measured in parallel. All of the current measuring methods and instruments individually fall short of adequately addressing all of these needs.
Ambient Monitoring
Ambient media monitoring measures concentrations in larger spaces such as in workplaces, homes or the general environment. Ambient data are used as assumed exposure concentrations of chemicals in populations when it is not feasible or practical to conduct personal sampling for individuals in the populations. Typically, these data are used in models in addition to other assumptions regarding exposure parameters, including population activities and demographics such as age.
Challenges of Monitoring
As discussed in Section 3.4, there are many challenges to detecting and characterizing nanoscale materials, including the extremely small size of the analyte, as well as the need to distinguish the material of interest from other similarly-sized materials, the tendency for nanoparticles to agglomerate, and the cost of analysis. Additionally, as discussed in above, it is not always clear what the most appropriate metric is to measure. Mass may not be the most appropriate dose metric; therefore, techniques may be required for measuring particle counts and surface area, or other parameters. These problems are compounded when there is a need for monitoring data to be used in exposure assessment. Monitoring equipment should be not only sensitive and specific, but also easy to use, durable, able to operate in a range of environments, and affordable. Additionally, data sometimes needs to be collected continuously and analyzed in real-time. Further, the nanomaterials may need to be measured in a variety of media and several properties may need to be measured in parallel. All of the current measuring methods and instruments individually fall short of adequately addressing all of these needs.
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