Despite the impact of drying methods on the products'quality and consumer acceptability, the information available on the properties of F. thunbergii flour is limited. The aim of this work was to study the effects of different drying methods on the major ingredients as well as the starch-related functional and nutritional properties of dried samples. Furthermore, we aimed to find the effective application of these flours in various products.
spacer plate and food-grade sulfur (0.25 g) held in enamelware was placed at the bottom of this chamber. After the sulfur was ignited and a clear blue flame generated, the chamber was obturated. After 4 h, the F. thunbergii slices were removed and placed in a draft to dry for 7 days. The slices in group 3 were dried in a microwave oven. Microwave drying was performedat 2450 MHz and a full power of 700 W for 5 min (130–140◦C)and then at 100 W for 30 min (60–70◦C) The slices in group4 were dried in an infrared oven. The infrared drying of F. thunbergii slices was conducted at 250 W (85–105◦C) and stopped after 2 h The slices in group 5 were subjected to hot air drying at 60◦C with a wind speed of 0.15 m/s for 10 h in a hot air-drying oven . The slices in group 6 were dried in a freeze dryer. The FD process was performed for 18 h with the temperature of the cold trapof −50◦C and a vacuum of 20 Pa Ultimately, the final moisture content of all samples must be