5. Concluding remarks
As fundamental knowledge on the biological basis of
seed longevity is increasing, general principles of survival
and maintenance of high germination ability of
dry seeds are formulated that can be the starting point
for future research and intervention toward achieving
an endless life. This review attempted to draw attention
to the evidence that a wide range of physical, chemi cal, molecular, and genetic factors is implicated in the
control of seed longevity. The contribution of the testa
to seed longevity is important for maintenance of the
weakest metabolic activity and protection against various
environmental stresses. Free radical-counteracting
processes and detoxification mechanisms are closely related
to control the prooxidant/antioxidant balance both
during seed storage and germination. When the prooxidant
scavenging systems are saturated, detoxification
mechanisms might be affected that irreparably will lead
to seed death. A better knowledge of DNA and protein
protection and repair mechanisms seems promising
to manipulate seed longevity. Seeds of particular plant
species belong to the most spectacular examples of organism
longevity in eukaryotes. Due to this property,
the seed system provides an appropriate model to study
longevity and aging, which is of paramount interest for
human health.