drainage system. The Devrekani River, the longest river in the region, passes through the study area approximately in the SE–NW direction. The second longest river is the Kanlı River. It is connected to the Devrekani River at the entrance of Valla Canyon, which is the fourth largest canyon in the world. Topographical elevation ranges between 245 and 1471 m, which is the highest elevation in the study area,
Sivriturbe Hill. The higher elevations present steep topographical¨ characteristics and are predominantly composed of massive limestones, while the lower elevations are mainly composed of soils used for agricultural purposes. The study area mainly comprises Upper Cretaceous fl