Thus from this total number of operators required for that assembly line is 8 but actual number of done theoretically by taking all parameters as standardized. i.e. workers are not able to move from their workstation in any difficulty and they have to stay on their line in any condition ( to satisfy their personal needs). Here machine fault time, material delay due to any difficulty etc are not considered. operators working are 20. Hence 12 operators are in excess as per calculation.