Abstract—Lithium titanate oxide is considered as the most
promising anode material for lithium-ion battery owing to its fast
charging capability. Its charging profile is essential to be modeled
with a simple battery model for battery charger design. This
paper develops a universal mathematical battery model which
can be fitted to the charging profiles of different charging rates
by using genetic algorithm. The developed battery model has
been validated from the experiment results. Comparison between
simulation and experiment results for several charging rates are
also presented. It is envisaged that the proposed model can be
used to develop a universal battery charger for different battery
capacity. This will eventually accelerate the development of
energy storage system in green technology application.