Often upon adopting IFRS,countries will alter their 'ENFORCEMENT AUDITING AND GOVERNANCE REGIMES".Therefore,it cannot be said with certainty that the effects observed empirically from IFRS adoption is in fact due to the adoption of IFRS.The effects observed between countries and even between firms may be comparable at face value,but be due to entirely different factors below the surface.Also,depending on the corporate governance environment,countries and firms may have the opportunity to adopt IFRS in name only,which would question any findings based around the actual adoption of the standards.
The results found by jeanjean and stolowy 2008 support the critics of IFRS who argue that principles-based standards provide greater discretion and that at present there is a lack of adequate implementation guidance.However,we expect htat while principles-based standards seem more libern than their rules-based counterparts,in practice principles-based standards are more difficult to evade,as they incorporate a broader range of hransactions,nobes 2011 finds that the ideal set of financial reporting standards in each country is determined according to their history,culture,and system of law.