Although the devastating impact of infectious disease could be readily felt
throughout human history, the third epidemiologic transition, which is taking place within
the context of accelerating globalization, is exceedingly alarming. Statistics from the World
Tourism Organization show that some 1 million persons per day traveled from their homes
by air in 1995 (Alleyne 1998). International travel has steadily increased at the average of
6% per annum in the past thirty years (IATA 2003). The rapid spreading of re/emerging of
infectious diseases is clearly attributed to global changes such as the increasing mobility at
the global scale. As the UNFAO stated in its 2001 report that no country can consider itself
safe from the risk of the disease due to increased international trade, tourism, the movement
of animals, animal products, and foodstuff. In addition to global mobility, global climactic
change such as warmer climates and El Niño are thought to have significant effects on
pathogen and disease vector environments (Bouma and Dye 1997; Colwell 1996).
Although the devastating impact of infectious disease could be readily feltthroughout human history, the third epidemiologic transition, which is taking place withinthe context of accelerating globalization, is exceedingly alarming. Statistics from the WorldTourism Organization show that some 1 million persons per day traveled from their homesby air in 1995 (Alleyne 1998). International travel has steadily increased at the average of6% per annum in the past thirty years (IATA 2003). The rapid spreading of re/emerging ofinfectious diseases is clearly attributed to global changes such as the increasing mobility atthe global scale. As the UNFAO stated in its 2001 report that no country can consider itselfsafe from the risk of the disease due to increased international trade, tourism, the movementof animals, animal products, and foodstuff. In addition to global mobility, global climacticchange such as warmer climates and El Niño are thought to have significant effects onpathogen and disease vector environments (Bouma and Dye 1997; Colwell 1996).
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