This expression is consistent with Boyle’s law (pV = constant) when n and T are
constant, with both forms of Charles’s law (p ∝ T, V ∝ T) when n and either V or p
are held constant, and with Avogadro’s principle (V ∝ n) when p and T are constant.
The constant of proportionality, which is found experimentally to be the same for
all gases, is denoted R and called the gas constant. The resulting expression