According to the most recent iodine nutrition status survey in Taiwan, the median urinary iodine level for adults older than 19 years was 99.6 mg/L [44] . The median urinary iodine level was 102.5 mg/L and 97.7 mg/L for male and female adults, respectively. The median urinary iodine level for senior adults older than 65 years was 99.3mg/L and 77.4 mg/L for men and women, respectively. The survey also showed that both female adults and senior female adults in Taiwan did not have sufficient dietary intake of iodine, and that this deficiency should be resolved via iodine supplements through food consumption. Seaweed can be used as nutrition supplements for female adults with iodine deficiency. Iodine fortification with seaweeds of high iodine content will not cause hyper-thyroidism if the seaweed is prepared by boiling in soup with abundant goitrogenic vegetables.