Functional Measurements
Cakes were weighed after 1 hour of cooling. Cake volume
was measured by the seed displacement method (20).
Symmetry was evaluated using method 10-91 of the
American Association of Cereal Chemists (21). The symmetry
evaluation method is based on measuring cake height at
three specific points. The symmetry value is calculated as
twice the central zone height minus the lateral zone heights
(high symmetry values indicate cakes mainly rise in the
central part).