2. Materials and methods
2.1. Food sampling and samples preparation
The survey was conducted in different locations and at different times in two conservation areas in Kanchanaburi province, namely, Srinakarind dam and Wang-khamen Mountain, Thailand, during January 2009 to March 2011. Three highly available, indigenous fruits were collected for study, including the whole fruits without seeds of Phyllanthus emblica L. or Emblica officinalis (Amla; Indian gooseberry; Thai name, Ma-Kham-Pom) (n = 5), the whole fruits of Antidesma velutinosum Blume (Thai name, Ma-Mao) (n = 6), and peeled fruits without seeds of Spondias pinnata (L.f.) Kurz
(Hog plum; Thai name, Ma-Kok-Pa) (n = 3). The samples were kept in dark plastic bags and then transported via an ice-box to a labo-ratory at the Institute of Nutrition, Mahidol University. The fruits were then washed with tap water, followed by washing twice with deionized water. The edible part was homogenised using a food processor (MaraÒ, Thailand) and divided into two portions. The first portion was immediately analysed for moisture and vitamin C before being stored in an acid-washed screw-capped plastic bot- tle at À20 °C and reserved for other nutrient analyses. The second portion was freeze-dried, ground, vacuum-packed in laminated