represented by the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001 and instead put cognitive skills into the context of what learners need to know for the work world of the 21st century.
I also think the impetus for the changes is different. In the last century, a handful of educators pushed to add “higher-order thinking skills” to instruction. Today, the move to change policy comes from multiple groups, including some groups from the business community, state education departments, and the president of the United States himself. And there is a new recognition that these skills cannot be taught in isolation. The only way to return the United States to a position of leadership in the international education community is with a comprehensive, systemic approach that reaches all children.