Study approval was obtained from The University of Alabama
at Birmingham (Birmingham, AL, USA) institutional
review board and study facilities; this included an approved
written consent form for participants to sign. In this study, a
convenience sample was recruited from two HIV outpatient
clinics in the southeastern USA. Inclusion criteria included
being a male or nonpregnant female with a self-reported
diagnosis of HIV; 19 years of age or older; and able to
speak, read, and write English. Further, participants also
were cognitively unimpaired, as indicated by a score . 10
on the HIV Dementia Scale.