These gateway STEM lecture courses also exhibit substantial gendered performance differences; the mean is -0.18, ranging from -0.28 to -0.07. Female and male students receive different average grades in these courses, even when enrolled in the same college, and having earned the same GPAO, standardized test scores, and HS GPA. As a result, female students face grade penalties substantially larger than men, averaging -0.51 letter grades, and ranging from -0.63 to -0.24. These gendered performance differences correspond to roughly 10% differences in course point totals: they are both statistically and materially significant. While GPDs have long been noted in specific fields (e.g. [3]), their ubiquity across introductory STEM lecture courses has not been clearly recognized..