these authors show There is evidence that Europeans set up more extract institutions (ones designed to ex tract more surplus from colonized populations) in prosperous areas and that these institutions have often persisted to the contemporary period Geography undoubtedly influenced early economic history in Europe is reflected by Arrow 8 leading to Evolution and timing of Europe gave it advantage over most other regions, advantages that were used to colonize much of the world. But the types of colonial regimes implemented varied considerably, depending on conditions prevailing at the time of colonization both in the different parts of the world colonized and within the colonizer's home country. The timing of European.Development influenced the type of colonial regime established reflected by Arrow 9. For example it has been argued that for various reasons earlier colonization generally involved more plunder and less active production than later colonization, although both occurred at the expense of the indigenous populations. Precolonial comparative advantage may also have interacted with the timing of European development in influencing institutions in that settlers in colonized temperate zones arrived with more knowledge and more advanced technology. In particular, Europeans brought better agricultural techniques the later settled areas such as North America. As noted by David Fielding and Sebastian Torres, by the eighteenth century, population growth in Europe and technical change had produced a large supply of people with temperate- zone agricultural skills in products such as wheat and dairy. They were able to gain higher incomes using the skills intemperate colonies and former colonies (the so-called neo-Europe Thus precolonial (potential) comparative advantage again mattered. This link is reflected in the flow through Arrow 6 and Arrow 7. The possible role played by specific skills also points up the importance of human capital investments for development, reflected by Arrow 14 Thus the types of colonial regimes established, while always designed for the benefit of the colonizers, were influenced by local and European supply